Difference between revisions of "MAKERbuino: build guide"

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==General description==
 
==General description==
  
MAKERbuino is a DIY gaming platform suited for makers. It’s based on Arduino and compatible with Gamebuino. MAKERbuino project encourages and helps people learn STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) in a fun and interesting way. MAKERbuino allows you to develop your hardware and software skills. Make video games, explore new hardware solutions, learn from numerous tutorials and share your work with the community.
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<youtube>roSKvLbrUek</youtube>
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'''IMPORTANT: this is an outdated version of the MAKERbuino build guide. Find the new version here:
 +
'''
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[http://makerbuino.com/build NEW MAKERbuino build guide]
  
This is the '''official MAKERbuino kit build guide'''.
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For more information visit [http://www.makerbuino.com/ www.makerbuino.com], [makerbuino’s product site on e-radionica] and follow the MAKERbuino project on [http://facebook.com/makerbuino Facebook], [http://twitter.com/makerbuino Twitter], [https://plus.google.com/u/1/104547318890896420704 Google+] and [http://instagram.com/makerbuino Instagram].
 
 
 
==Age group==
 
 
 
Our estimation is that an 11 year-old kid should be able to assemble the MAKERbuino with a tiny bit of help from an adult and thus, '''estimated age group is 11+'''.
 
 
'''Estimated build time: 1 hour and 30 minutes.'''
 
Build time varies and depends on the skills of the person and if the person has ever soldered before.
 
 
 
MAKERbuino was made with purpose of bringing STEM  (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) to people in a fun and interesting way. Despite that, it is not the best entry level kit and if you never soldered before you should think about doing some preparatory practice or soldering a simpler kit.
 
 
 
==Required skills==
 
 
 
 
 
MAKERbuino comes as a DIY kit. It requires basic soldering and assembly skills to put together.
 
This kit was designed to be assembled as easy as possible. However, if you never soldered before, it might be a good idea to get some practice first. Nevertheless, with enough patience and care, a total newbie can assemble this kit by precisely following these build instructions.
 
 
 
Skills that will ease the process of assembling the MAKERbuino:
 
*basic soldering experience (some preparatory experience)
 
*ability to recognize the basic electronic components
 
 
 
 
 
What you’ll learn with the MAKERbuino
 
 
 
MAKERbuino’s main goal to educate and motivate you to learn something new or brush the skills you already have. In the process of making the MAKERbuino and developing your own MAKERbuino compatible software and hardware you’ll learn:
 
*how to solder
 
*what are the basic electronic components and what is their *function
 
*how can electronic components be connected and why
 
*what are microcontrollers and some basics of digital electronics
 
*how to program a microcontroller in C/C++
 
*what are 3D printers and how to modify and design your own *unique 3D printed casing
 
*how to extend beyond MAKERbuino’s capabilities by adding various expansion modules
 
 
 
==What’s in the box?==
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-4.jpg]]
 
 
 
You managed to get your very own basic MAKERbuino kit! Well done and thanks for supporting the project and the “STEM through fun” initiative. First of all, '''follow the list of included components and the text below and make sure that you have all the required components''' laid out on your table and ready for soldering.
 
 
 
 
 
For more advanced makers, here is '''the MAKERbuino’s schematic''' you can download. Take a peek before building the thing.If you don’t know how to read these diagrams, you don’t have to worry, you’ll learn.
 
 
 
[[Media:MAKERbuino-schematic.png]]
 
 
 
Also, this diagram of the main parts of the MAKERbuino console is super useful:
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-5.jpg]]
 
 
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+'''List of included components'''
 
|-
 
|'''label'''
 
|'''component name'''
 
|'''quantitiy'''
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|MAKERbuino PCB
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|3D printed casing
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|M3 nylon screws
 
|8
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|M3 6mm nylon hex distancer
 
|4
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|128MB Micro SD card + SD adapter
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|SD socket
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|8Ω 0.5W speaker - 36mm diameter
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|casing (3D printed or CNC cut)
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|Li-Po battery (800mAh, single cell - 3.7V) with male JST connector
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|female JST battery connector
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|USB to RS232 adapter board
 
|1
 
|-
 
|U1
 
|ATmega328P-PU microcontroller
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|28 pin IC socket (for the ATmega328)
 
|1
 
|-
 
|LCD
 
|Nokia 5110 LCD breakout board
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|TP4056 Li-Po battery charger board
 
|1
 
|-
 
|IC2
 
|3.3V voltage regulator (MCP1702-3302E in TO-92 package)
 
|1
 
|-
 
|T1
 
|2n2222 general purpose NPN transistor
 
|1
 
|-
 
|Q1
 
|16MHz crystal
 
|1
 
|-
 
|D1
 
|1N4148 diode
 
|1
 
|-
 
|SWITCH1, SWITCH2
 
|3 pin slide toggle switch
 
|2
 
|-
 
|C1, C6
 
|100nF ceramic capacitor
 
|2
 
|-
 
|C2, C3
 
|22pF ceramic capacitor
 
|2
 
|-
 
|C4, C5, C7
 
|100uF, 6.3V radial electrolytic capacitor
 
|3
 
|-
 
|BTN
 
|12x12x7.3mm pushbutton with button cap
 
|7
 
|-
 
|JP1
 
|standard double row 3x2 pin angle headers (male) - for SPI port
 
|1
 
|-
 
|JP2
 
|standard single row 6 pin angle headers (female) - for Serial port
 
|1
 
|-
 
|JP3, JP4
 
|KF2510-4P angle connector (male + female) - for i2c port
 
|2
 
|-
 
|BREAKOUT
 
|standard double row 5x2 pin angle headers (male) - for breakout port
 
|1
 
|-
 
|TM1, TM2
 
|1K wheel trim potentiometer
 
|2
 
|-
 
|R1
 
|1kΩ resistor
 
|1
 
|-
 
|R2, R3
 
|10kΩ resistor
 
|2
 
|-
 
|R4, R5
 
|4.7kΩ resistor
 
|2
 
|-
 
|R6
 
|100Ω resistor
 
|1
 
|-
 
|'''-'''
 
|some thin insulated copper wire (standard and solid core wire)
 
|1
 
|}
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-6.jpg]]
 
 
 
'''If you’re not sure what every of these components looks like, don’t worry. In the following section we’ll analyze the components and their purpose.'''
 
 
 
 
 
*'''MAKERbuino PCB'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-7.jpg]]
 
 
 
PCB stands for printed circuit board. Basically, this is a board with some copper traces and some other materials like paint. Copper layers of the board form traces that connect various MAKERbuino’s electronic components (e.g. microcontroller to the screen) so that they can work together to form an electronic device.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''3D printed casing'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-8.jpg]]
 
 
 
MAKERbuino’s back is protected by a snazzy 3D printed casing. This casing is made on a 3D printer - a machine that creates three-dimensional objects from plastic - and the casing’s 3D model files are available online so that you can print it on your own or redesign it.
 
The casing that comes in the basic MAKERbuino kit is made made from PLA - an ecological environment friendly non-toxic type of plastic. You can even eat it without getting intoxicated, MAKERbuino can serve as an emergency snack!
 
 
 
 
 
*'''M3 nylon screws and hex spacers'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-9.jpg]]
 
 
 
These plastic components are needed at the end of MAKERbuino assembly process for fixating the circuit board to the casing. M3 in the name of the screws indicates that the screw’s shaft’s diameter is 3 mm.
 
 
'''note''': these components can be made from metal or plastic depending on the version of the kit you bought
 
 
 
*'''128MB SD card with an SD adapter'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-10.png]]
 
 
 
The included SD card is used for storing games, programs and other useful data on it (game graphics, music etc.). Thanks to this card, you can load multiple on your MAKERbuino. It comes preloaded with lots of fun games downloaded from the games gallery on www.gamebuino.com so that you can try it out right after you assemble it.
 
You might be wondering, why is the SD card’s capacity mere 128 MB? This is an 8-bit gameboy-like gaming device and programs and games for it are approximately 30 kB. 128 MB of space will be more than enough for storing plenty of games, programs and useful info.
 
 
 
'''note:''' some older versions of the kit were sold with larger SD cards (1GB or 512MB)
 
 
 
 
 
*'''SD socket'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-11.jpg]]
 
 
 
The SD socket is the only surface mount component in the whole device. Don’t let the look of it discourage you, SD socket’s leads are so big that anyone can solder it with a tiny bit of patience. The socket is soldered to the back side of the PCB and you insert your precious SD card inside.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''Speaker'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-12.jpg]]
 
 
 
This neat little speaker fits at the back side of the device. It has a special place in the back of the casing. It plays a crucial role in producing all the beeps , boops and crazy chiptunes you’ll compose in your very own games.
 
*note: standard diameter of the MAKERbuino speaker is 36mm but some kits came with smaller or larger speakers because we had some problems with getting the sufficient quantities
 
 
 
 
 
*'''800 mAh Li-Po battery & JST connector'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-13.jpg]]
 
 
 
The rechargeable battery serves as the MAKERbuino’s power supply. 800mAh is more than enough for several hours of intense gaming and powering all sorts of power-hungry expansion modules (like GPS receivers, motors, wifi modules etc.). In case you didn’t know, “Li-Po” in the name of the battery indicates its’ structure and what materials it uses to store electrical energy (Li-Po stands for Lithium Polymer).  It comes with the male JST power connector that is then connected to the female JST connector soldered directly to the board.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''USB to RS232 serial UART adapter (made by e-radionica.com)'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-14.jpg]]
 
 
 
This board is connected to the MAKERbuino’s serial port (top left black female angle connector). It allows you to program your MAKERbuino directly from your computer and send all sorts of useful data from the computer to the MAKERbuino and vice versa.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''ATmega328P-PU microcontroller & ATmega’s 28 pin socket'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-15.jpg]]
 
 
 
The ATmega microcomputer (aka. microcontroller) is the brain of the device. CPU, RAM memory, flash memory and almost all parts needed for executing programs and games and doing all the smart work. Basically, this is a computer in a chip.
 
ATmega328’s astonishing 2kB of RAM and an 8-bit CPU at 16MHz of frequency. will bring out the nostalgia and provide you with the authentic old school retro experience.
 
It comes with a special dedicated 28 pin socket for easy microcomputer replacement.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''Nokia 5110 LCD breakout board'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-16.jpg]]
 
 
 
The screen module is an LCD screen on a breakout PCB. LCD stands for liquid crystal display. This is a screen that is controlled by the main ATmega microcomputer. It’s a graphical display so you can manipulate every pixel’s color with a program in the microcomputer. The complete module is stacked on the main MAKERbuino PCB. Never versions of the MAKERbuino kit (version “0.4 beta” and newer) has this screen attached using headers so that you can easily replace the screen if it gets broken. Also, the screen has some magnificent features like high resolution (84x48 pixels monochrome), adjustable LED backlight and great visibility on the direct sunlight (the display works in the same way as your calculator’s display - can be viewed without the backlight if there is enough light in the room.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''TP4056 Li-Po battery charger board'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide17.jpg]]
 
 
 
This module is stacked and soldered on the main MAKERbuino board. It contains the components needed for charging the rechargeable Li-Po battery. It’s main thing is the TP4056 charger integrated circuit (the little black chip on the board). It’s regulating voltage and current of electricity inputted by the USB port and feeding it to the Li-Po battery.
 
*note: Depending on the version, your MAKERbuino kit might have the mini USB version or the micro USB version of the charger board included. USB cables for both versions of the board are easy to find in any electronics store.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''3.3V voltage regulator'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-18.jpg]]
 
 
 
The voltage regulator is one of MAKERbuino’s most important parts. It regulates the voltage from the Li-Po battery to stable 3.3V. We need to do that because the battery’s 3.7V of electricity is just too much for MAKERbuino’s circuitry and would fry the SD card.
 
Most people say, hey this is a transistor… no, this is not a transistor. This exact shape of this 3 tiny 3 leaded black component is called the TO-92 package and it looks the same as the 2n2222 transistor listed below.
 
*Important: the only difference between the 2n2222 transistor and this voltage regulator is the text written on the component. The regulator should have MCP1702-3302ET written on it’s surface, whilst the transistor will have 2N2222 written on it’s back. Use a magnifier if needed and check carefully if you have the right component. When soldering the regulator be extra cautious not to accidentally swap it with the transistor.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''2n2222 general purpose NPN transistor'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-19.jpg]]
 
 
 
The general purpose transistor is used in the part of the MAKERbuino dedicated to producing sound. The transistor serves as an amplifier that drives the console’s speaker.
 
As said when describing the regulator above, don’t let the shape of this component trick you, this is not a regulator.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''16MHz crystal'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-20.jpg]]
 
 
 
Inside this metallic package is a crystal used in the MAKERbuino’s microcomputer’s oscillator circuit. In other words, MAKERbuino’s neat 16MHz of CPU clock is possible thanks to this component. Standard digital clocks and watches work on the same principle.
 
*important: Make sure that your crystal has 16.000 written on it’s package, this means that it’s meant to be used in an oscillating circuit at the frequency of 16 000 kHz = 16 MHz.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''1N4148 diode'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-21.jpg]]
 
 
 
This is a standard diode. It’s  used in the MAKERbuino’s sound circuit.
 
*note: this is NOT a light emitting diode (LED), it doesn’t light up, it’s used as an essential part of the sound’s circuit amplifier.
 
 
 
 
 
*'''3 pin toggle switches'''
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-22.jpg]]
 
 
 
These 3 leaded standard switches are used for turning your MAKERbuino ON and OFF and muting the speaker.
 
Important: You get two of these swithces!
 
 
 
 
 
*'''capacitors'''
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There are three different types of capacitors you have in your MAKERbuino kit
 
 
 
- 1) 100uF electrolytic capacitors
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-23.jpg]]
 
 
These look like small black barrels with two leads. They’re used for filtrating noise and ensuring that MAKERbuino’s circuitry is powered with clean and stable electrical current. These capacitors should have 100uF written on their surface.
 
*Important: You need to have three of these capacitors.
 
 
 
-2) 100nF ceramic capacitors
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-24.jpg]]
 
 
 
The tiny yellowish capacitor with 104 written on it is a 100nF capacitor used for filtration and in connection with serial programmer.
 
*Important: You need to have two of these capactirs
 
 
 
-3) 22pF ceramic capacitors
 
 
 
[[File:MAKERbuino-buildGuide-25.jpg]]
 
 
 
These capacitors are used as a part of the 16MHz oscillating circuit along with the previously listed crystal. They look similar to the 100nF capacitors so don’t let that trick you. Recognize them by number 22 (symbolizing that they have the capacity of 22pF) written on their surface.
 
*Important: You need to have two of these capacitors
 
 
 
 
 
*'''pushbuttons & button caps'''
 
 
 
Nice and clicky big square pushbuttons are pretty self explanatory. They’re the MAKERbuino’s essential input devices used for switching menus, changing programs, playing games… Button caps are just simply attached to the button’s top side and can be changed.
 
*Important: You need to have 7 pushbuttons and 7 button caps in your package.
 
*Note: You can buy some extra button caps online in our shop or in almost every electronics shop by searching for 12x12x7.3mm pushbutton caps 
 
 
 
*'''various pin headers and connectors'''
 
 
 
All these pins and headers are used for connecting various modules, expansions and programmers to your MAKERbuino board.
 
There are four types of connectors included in the MAKERbuino kit:
 
-1) 6 pin female header
 
 
 
This tiny black connector is used for connecting your MAKERbuino to the serial UART programmer board (important for programming the console).
 
 
 
-2) 2x3 male angle ICPS header
 
 
 
Used for connecting expansion modules and reprogramming the game console’s microcontroller over ICSP (in circuit system programming) protocol.
 
 
 
-3) KF2510 anti reverse angle headers (for i2c ports)
 
 
 
These yellowish connectors go to the top side of the device and are used for connecting expansion modules and other MAKERbuinos or Gamebuinos (multiplayer games!)
 
They’re just like all other connectors but with a special anti-reverse function so that you can’t short circuit your game consoles when connecting them with the multiplayer link cable.
 
*Important:  you need to have two of these
 
 
 
-4) 2x5 male angle extra breakout header
 
 
 
The 10 pin double row angle header is soldered to the rightmost part of the game console and is an extra option that gives you some extra useful pins for connecting hardware expansions.
 
 
 
*'''trim potentiometers'''
 
 
 
The tiny wheel potentiometers are very important for regulating the screen’s backlight and dimming the sound volume. The potentiometers have B102 written on their back indicating that they have 1kΩ of resistance (10 * 10^2 Ω).
 
*Important: You have two of these included in your kit.
 
 
 
*'''resistors'''
 
 
 
Standard passive two-terminal electrical components that implement electrical resistance as a circuit element. The resistors are used in the MAKERbuino for all sorts of important tasks like adjusting signal levels and regulating current flow.
 
There’s three types of resistors used in the MAKERbuinio kit. Every resistor’s resistance is measured in ohms (Ω). You can determine the resistance of a resistor by using color code - reading a set of colored rings on the resistor.
 
If you already don’t know all this stuff by heart, here is a useful table for using the resistor color code:
 
 
 
Resistors that you need to have:
 
- 100Ω resistor x1
 
This one is used when outputting sound to MAKERbuino’s headphone jack.
 
It should have this color combination: brown, black, brown, golden
 
- 2.2kΩ resistor x1
 
This one is important for driving the transistor in the MAKERbuino’s sound circuit.
 
It should have this color code combination: red, red, red, golden
 
-4.7kΩ resistor x2
 
These resistors are used as pull up resistors on i2c lines (multiplayer ports).
 
They should have this color code: yellow, purple, red, golden
 
-10kΩ resistor x2
 
These are important for driving the LCD screen and connecting the microcontroller to  the serial UART programmer (for connecting the MAKERbuino to your computer). Coloar code: brown, black, red, golden.
 
 
 
*'''why are there tiny pieces of wire inside?'''
 
 
 
Your kit also comes with a few pieces of wire. These are not included in your kit as a result of a mistake, you need them for connecting the speaker to the MAKERbuino PCB and fixating the Li-Po charger.
 

Latest revision as of 2017-10-09T16:29:33

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MAKERbuino-buildGuide-2.bmp

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General description


IMPORTANT: this is an outdated version of the MAKERbuino build guide. Find the new version here: NEW MAKERbuino build guide